Top 10 Most Populous Cities in the World
As the global population continues to rise, cities are becoming the central hubs of economic activity, culture, and innovation. This list ranks the top 10 most populous cities in the world based on their metropolitan area populations, highlighting the scale of these urban centers. From the sprawling expanse of Tokyo to the bustling streets of Mumbai, these cities host millions of residents, often surpassing entire countries in population. Each city's ranking reflects its total metropolitan area population, which considers the city proper and its surrounding suburbs and satellite towns. These cities not only offer insight into population density but also reflect diverse cultures, economies, and environmental challenges. In this list, we’ll explore the social, economic, and geographic aspects that make these cities significant on a global scale.
| Rank | City | Population | Country | Key Feature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tokyo | 37,393,000 | Japan | World's largest metropolitan area |
| 2 | Delhi | 31,000,000 | India | Rapidly growing population |
| 3 | Shanghai | 27,058,000 | China | Major financial and industrial hub |
| 4 | São Paulo | 22,043,000 | Brazil | Largest city in the Southern Hemisphere |
| 5 | Mexico City | 21,782,000 | Mexico | Largest Spanish-speaking city |
| 6 | Cairo | 21,322,000 | Egypt | Africa’s largest city |
| 7 | Dhaka | 21,006,000 | Bangladesh | High population density |
| 8 | Mumbai | 20,411,000 | India | Major economic and cultural hub |
| 9 | Beijing | 20,035,000 | China | Historical and political capital |
| 10 | Osaka | 19,222,000 | Japan | Major commercial center |
Tokyo
Rank: 1
Population: 37,393,000
Tokyo, the most populous city globally, is home to over 37 million people within its metropolitan area, making it the largest urban agglomeration on Earth. As Japan’s capital, Tokyo is a powerhouse of finance, technology, and culture. The city offers a blend of traditional and modern landscapes, from the serene temples of Asakusa to the futuristic skyline of Shinjuku. Tokyo is known for its world-class public transportation system, including its iconic Shinkansen (bullet trains), which connect the city to other parts of Japan with remarkable speed and efficiency. Despite its size, Tokyo is one of the safest and most organized cities in the world, and its urban planning emphasizes efficient use of space, with many residential and commercial areas layered vertically. The Greater Tokyo Area also includes neighboring prefectures like Chiba, Kanagawa, and Saitama, creating a vast metropolitan zone.
Did you know? Tokyo has more Michelin-starred restaurants than any other city globally, making it a haven for food enthusiasts.
Delhi
Rank: 2
Population: 31,000,000
Delhi, India’s capital region, has seen rapid population growth over the past few decades, with a metropolitan area population now exceeding 31 million. The city combines Old Delhi’s historic sites, such as the Red Fort and Jama Masjid, with the modern infrastructure of New Delhi, the seat of the Indian government. Delhi is a hub of cultural diversity, with influences from various regions of India, which is reflected in its food, language, and festivals. The city faces challenges like air pollution, overcrowded streets, and limited infrastructure, but it remains a center of commerce, education, and government. Delhi’s expansion continues outward, incorporating nearby cities like Gurugram and Noida into its ever-growing urban sprawl.
Did you know? Delhi’s metro system, one of the most extensive in India, serves over 2 million passengers daily and has transformed commuting within the city.
Shanghai
Rank: 3
Population: 27,058,000
Shanghai is China’s largest city by population and one of the busiest ports in the world, with over 27 million residents in its metropolitan area. This vibrant city is known for its towering skyscrapers, such as the Shanghai Tower, and its historic neighborhoods like the Bund. Shanghai is a major global financial center, home to China’s primary stock exchange and numerous international corporations. The city’s rapid modernization and economic boom have turned it into a symbol of China’s growth. However, Shanghai’s residents are also seeing a resurgence of appreciation for traditional Chinese culture, as evidenced by the preservation of neighborhoods like the French Concession, which offer a glimpse into the city’s diverse history.
Did you know? Shanghai’s Maglev train is the world’s fastest commercially operated train, reaching speeds of up to 431 km/h (268 mph).
São Paulo
Rank: 4
Population: 22,043,000
São Paulo is Brazil’s largest city and the most populous in the Southern Hemisphere, with over 22 million people. Known as the economic heart of Brazil, São Paulo is a melting pot of cultures, with large communities of Italian, Japanese, and Arab immigrants contributing to its cultural fabric. The city is a key financial hub, with industries ranging from finance and commerce to arts and media. São Paulo is also a center for sports, with a strong football culture and iconic stadiums like Pacaembu and Morumbi. Traffic congestion, air pollution, and urban sprawl present ongoing challenges, yet São Paulo remains a dynamic and influential metropolis.
Did you know? São Paulo has the largest Japanese population outside Japan, which has led to a vibrant Japanese cultural presence, especially in the Liberdade district.
Mexico City
Rank: 5
Population: 21,782,000
Mexico City, with a population of nearly 22 million, is the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world. Built on the ruins of the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan, the city blends rich historical heritage with modern urban life. Visitors can explore ancient ruins, colonial architecture, and contemporary skyscrapers, all within close proximity. Mexico City faces challenges typical of large urban centers, such as traffic congestion and air pollution, but it remains an important cultural and economic center in Latin America. It is known for its vibrant arts scene, with world-renowned museums, galleries, and murals by artists like Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo.
Did you know? Mexico City is gradually sinking due to its location on a lake bed and the extraction of groundwater; it subsides around 10 inches per year.
Cairo
Rank: 6
Population: 21,322,000
Cairo, Africa’s largest city, is a sprawling metropolis along the banks of the Nile River, housing over 21 million people. Known as the “Mother of the World,” Cairo is a cultural and historical treasure, featuring ancient wonders like the Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx. Cairo is also Egypt’s political and economic center, bustling with activity day and night. Despite facing issues like traffic congestion, pollution, and limited infrastructure, the city has a vibrant street life, with bustling markets, traditional music, and a thriving arts scene. Cairo’s population continues to grow, making urban expansion an ongoing focus.
Did you know? Cairo’s Al-Azhar University, founded in the 10th century, is one of the oldest universities in the world and a prominent center of Islamic learning.
Dhaka
Rank: 7
Population: 21,006,000
Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is one of the most densely populated cities in the world, with over 21 million residents. Known for its vibrant culture and rich history, Dhaka is a bustling city that combines old-world charm with rapid modernization. The city faces challenges such as air pollution, traffic congestion, and limited infrastructure, but it remains the economic heart of Bangladesh, with booming industries in textiles, technology, and trade. Dhaka is also known for its festivals, traditional cuisine, and the resilient spirit of its people.
Did you know? Rickshaws are a common sight in Dhaka, with over half a million rickshaws operating daily, giving it the nickname “Rickshaw Capital of the World.”
Mumbai
Rank: 8
Population: 20,411,000
Mumbai, the financial capital of India, is a sprawling metropolis with over 20 million people. Known for its diverse culture, iconic Bollywood film industry, and historic landmarks like the Gateway of India, Mumbai is one of the most influential cities in South Asia. Its bustling streets are lined with a mix of colonial-era buildings, modern skyscrapers, and crowded markets. The city also faces challenges with housing, leading to large slum areas such as Dharavi, which are juxtaposed with luxurious residential and commercial areas. Mumbai’s vibrant arts and nightlife scene make it a lively city day and night.
Did you know? Mumbai’s Dabbawala lunch delivery system is famous worldwide for its efficiency and accuracy, even though it relies solely on manual labor.
Beijing
Rank: 9
Population: 20,035,000
Beijing, China’s capital, has a population exceeding 20 million. Known for its historical landmarks like the Forbidden City, Tiananmen Square, and the Great Wall, Beijing is a major cultural, political, and economic center. The city is divided into old and new, with traditional Hutong neighborhoods nestled among high-rise buildings. Beijing has been a center of Chinese power for centuries and remains an influential global city, with a focus on modernization balanced with the preservation of its cultural heritage.
Did you know? Beijing’s Temple of Heaven Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was once used by emperors for annual ceremonies to pray for a good harvest.
Osaka
Rank: 10
Population: 19,222,000
Osaka, known for its role as Japan’s economic powerhouse, is home to over 19 million people. It is a major center for commerce, known for its vibrant street food scene, shopping districts, and unique local dialect. The city’s population includes a large number of commuters from neighboring cities, which adds to its dynamic atmosphere. Osaka’s landmarks include Osaka Castle and the bustling Dotonbori district, famous for its neon lights and nightlife. With a mix of tradition and modernity, Osaka is a major cultural and economic hub in Japan.
Did you know? Osaka is often referred to as “Japan’s Kitchen” due to its reputation as a culinary capital, especially known for street food like takoyaki and okonomiyaki.
