Top 10 Longest Reigning Monarchs in the World

Throughout history, monarchs have held the throne for varying periods, with a few managing to reign for several decades or even over 70 years. Their extended reigns often reflect political stability, personal longevity, and, in some cases, constitutional reforms that kept them on the throne without interruption. In this list, monarchs are ranked by the length of their uninterrupted reigns, measured in years and days. These rulers led their nations through historical shifts, wars, and technological revolutions, with some becoming beloved figures and others being symbols of enduring dynasties. This ranking covers monarchs from diverse eras and regions, providing insights into the lives of rulers who maintained their thrones through long periods of change. Their stories highlight resilience, adaptability, and the unique challenges of sustaining authority over extended timeframes, leaving legacies that shaped their respective countries and cultures.

Louis XIV

Rank: 1

Length of Reign: 72 years, 110 days

Louis XIV, often called the "Sun King," is the longest-reigning monarch in history, ruling France from the age of four. His reign, lasting over 72 years, transformed France into a dominant European power. Known for his opulent lifestyle and absolutist approach, Louis centralized power and controlled the French nobility by building the grand Palace of Versailles. His reign saw France become a cultural leader in art, fashion, and architecture, setting standards followed across Europe. However, his constant wars and lavish spending strained France's finances, sowing seeds of discontent that would later lead to the French Revolution.

Did you know? Louis XIV popularized the phrase “L'état, c'est moi” (“I am the state”), reflecting his absolute control.

Bhumibol Adulyadej

Rank: 2

Length of Reign: 70 years, 126 days

King Bhumibol Adulyadej, known as Rama IX, reigned over Thailand for more than 70 years, making him the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. He was deeply revered by the Thai people, partly due to his dedication to social projects aimed at rural development and poverty reduction. His reign saw Thailand undergo significant modernization and economic growth. Despite political turmoil, Bhumibol maintained a symbolic and stabilizing presence, earning him widespread respect and affection in Thailand.

Did you know? Bhumibol was an accomplished musician, composer, and artist, with a jazz album released in his honor.

Elizabeth II

Rank: 3

Length of Reign: 70 years, 214 days

Queen Elizabeth II was the longest-reigning British monarch, with a reign spanning over seven decades. Her rule witnessed profound changes, including the transformation of the British Empire into the Commonwealth. Elizabeth II guided her country through times of both national celebration and crisis, becoming a beloved and stable figure for the UK and beyond. Known for her sense of duty and dedication, she was respected worldwide, serving as a symbol of continuity amid political changes and global events.

Did you know? Queen Elizabeth II met 15 British Prime Ministers during her reign, starting with Winston Churchill.

Johann II

Rank: 4

Length of Reign: 70 years, 91 days

Johann II, also known as Johann the Good, ruled Liechtenstein for over 70 years, overseeing its evolution from a small principality into a modern state. His reign brought reforms in education and economic development, transforming Liechtenstein’s largely agrarian society. Johann was known for his humanitarian efforts, and he famously refused to support the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, prioritizing peace for his people.

Did you know? Johann II was an avid art collector and helped expand the Liechtenstein family’s art collection, one of the most significant in Europe.

K'inich Janaab' Pakal

Rank: 5

Length of Reign: 68 years, 33 days

K'inich Janaab' Pakal, also known as Pacal the Great, ruled the ancient Maya city of Palenque for 68 years. His reign saw significant architectural and artistic advancements, with the construction of Palenque's most iconic buildings, including the Temple of the Inscriptions. Pakal’s accomplishments laid the foundation for Palenque’s influence in the region, and his tomb within the temple remains one of the greatest archaeological discoveries in the Maya world.

Did you know? Pakal was just 12 years old when he ascended the throne and ruled until his death at the age of 80.

Franz Joseph I

Rank: 6

Length of Reign: 67 years, 355 days

Franz Joseph I ruled Austria-Hungary for almost 68 years, leading his empire through a period of great political upheaval and economic change. Known for his strict and conservative rule, he faced numerous challenges, including nationalist movements and the rise of new political ideologies. His reign saw the empire participate in World War I, which ultimately led to its collapse. Franz Joseph’s legacy is a complex one, marked by both modernization and decline.

Did you know? Franz Joseph's nephew and heir, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated, sparking World War I.

Pedro II

Rank: 7

Length of Reign: 58 years, 222 days

Pedro II was the last Emperor of Brazil, ascending the throne at just five years old. His rule was marked by significant reforms, including the abolition of slavery and advancements in education. Known for his intellectual curiosity, Pedro II brought stability and modernization to Brazil. However, his popularity waned towards the end of his reign, and he was eventually deposed, leading to the establishment of a republic.

Did you know? Pedro II was highly educated, fluent in several languages, and corresponded with many prominent scientists of his time.

Hirohito (Emperor Showa)

Rank: 8

Length of Reign: 62 years, 13 days

Emperor Hirohito, also known as Emperor Showa, ruled Japan during a period of dramatic change, from Japan’s imperial expansion and defeat in World War II to its post-war economic miracle. His role shifted from a divine emperor to a constitutional monarch following Japan’s defeat. Despite controversies over his involvement in WWII, Hirohito became a symbol of stability during Japan’s rapid economic development.

Did you know? Hirohito was the longest-reigning Japanese emperor in history, and his reign included Japan’s recovery from WWII.

Victoria

Rank: 9

Length of Reign: 63 years, 216 days

Queen Victoria’s reign defined an era of British expansion, with the British Empire reaching its peak. Known as the “Grandmother of Europe” due to her many descendants, she witnessed and influenced key developments in British industry, science, and culture. Her reign became synonymous with strict morality and values that influenced the Victorian Era.

Did you know? Victoria survived several assassination attempts and ultimately became a symbol of the British monarchy's strength.

James I

Rank: 10

Length of Reign: 57 years, 246 days

Known as “James the Conqueror,” James I ruled Aragon for nearly 58 years, expanding his kingdom through military campaigns. His reign established Aragonese dominance in the Mediterranean, and he is remembered for both his territorial conquests and his role in advancing Aragonese law.

Did you know? James I wrote an autobiography, one of the few medieval European kings to do so.